electrocorticography (ECoG)

Recording electrical activity directly from the surface of the brain, using a thin sheet of electrodes placed under the skull. It picks up clearer signals than an electroencephalogram on the scalp, but it requires surgery.

It is used in hospitals to locate the source of seizures before epilepsy surgery, and in research brain–computer interfaces. Smaller, denser versions are often called micro-ECoG.

Documented real-world example: the transparent brain-computer interfaces built at UC San Diego are a high-density, transparent micro-ECoG array made of graphene.

Related terms: neural interface, electroencephalogram, graphene, transparent brain-computer interfaces, hardware

Sources: Electrocorticography — Wikipedia; Kuzum lab study — Nature Nanotechnology (2024)